PSG has now won the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck two times late to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.